Lorena Andrade
Word Count: 596
Efficacy/Trust
The article, Rethinking the Decline in Trust: A Comparison of Black and White Americans, by Rima Wilkes, the author talks about how now many more Americans claim to not have much trust for other people. Unlike in the 1960's more Americans said that they had more trust in one another. Two of the main factors that support this is generational replacement and period effects. For example, period effect is a factor to this because of there being television. Televisions made people spend more time alone and less time socializing. Another reason to this was because of inequality among both races. The generational effect is because of the time the people were born in. For example, the study conducted showed how people that were born between early 1900's and mid 1900's showed to be more trusting with others. Unlike the people born after, they showed to be less trusting. Although it was reported that these individuals developed new ways when it came to trusting others. For example, they were mainly influenced by events in history that made a big impact. Another finding from this research was how some argued that civil movements were a major impact of how much people trusted. In the other hand, others said that civil movements weren't an impact on them at all. Among both races the results came out to be that there was a great gap between Whites trusting than there was with Black trusting others. Meaning that more Whites claimed to be less trusting than there was Blacks. Even though it was reported that still Blacks were more trusting, the results showed how Blacks tend to live in poverty, bad neighborhoods, and have bad jobs. Therefore, it was predicted that Blacks would be less trusting than Whites. Another finding from this research was how it was concluded that both races seem to be less trusting when they are going through something with great impact as a race. Over all the results came to be because of the methods used; which were generational and period effects.
Second article, Black Female Career Success: The Importance of a Career Plan, by Val Livingston. One of the ideas from the article was how Black women show to be strong, and hardworking individuals. They put in all the effort they can, but still seem to be below the White women. Basically, women in general are at great disadvantage for being women when it comes to having careers. Although, women are at a great limitation, Black women are still at greater disadvantage compared to White women in their careers because Black women are the minorities. The method used for this research was that Black women who are part of the National Conference of Minority Public Administrators were mailed a survey, and the survey was about valuing career plans. For example, whether a career desired need more schooling, training, degrees etc. From the survey conducted the researchers were also able to find what positions the women had. For example, if there had a regular working position, managers, or what companies they worked for. The first three questions asked from the survey didn't have a great impact. Unlike the other questions were the age group was mid 40's-early 50's with a management position, where they were stable with their position. For further information, the other group targeted was mid 20's where they were regular staff. One thing that was mentioned in the article was how some positions were changed between 3-5 years. Over all, the article mentioned how there was some findings where there was no significant correlation.
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