Kiana Medina, 535 words
In "Race and gender differences in self-efficacy: Assessing the role of gender role attitudes and family background," the method the researchers used was a convenience sample. This survey was done at a college in their assorted general education classes. The fact that they surveyed in general education courses means that this data comes from a wide array of students- from education majors to art majors to math majors, since general education is a foundation graduation requirement for most colleges. The sample size is 606 students from 20 general education courses, and after removing students the final sample size was comprised of almost 500 students. The responses they received consist of about 20% black women, about 10% black men, 25% white men, and 44% white women. They measured self efficacy by presenting statements and having students respond with a sliding scale from agree to disagree in varying degrees. They measured sex role liberalism by again presenting statements and having students respond with a sliding scale from agree to disagree in varying degrees. The statements reflected ideas of sex or gender roles in society. They measured work and family structure by asking respondents if they had a single mother household. They view family and work structure as very influential of the respondent's view of sex and gender roles as well as self efficacy. (Buchanan, Selmon, 2008)
Their results consist of females having a higher score on their view of sex role liberalism, meaning they have a more liberal view of gender roles in society. They also found that black respondents have a higher score on sex role liberalism than white respondents. In general, gender was significant to the respondents' self efficacy score and their sex role liberalism score. White men have higher self efficacy than white women, but black women have higher self efficacy than everyone overall. Black male respondents with a single mother household have a lower self efficacy, while for black women, having a single mother did not affect their self efficacy. For white respondents, women and men, having a working mother in the household gives them a higher chance of having a high self efficacy rate. The article contributes the higher self efficacy of black women to their single, full-time working mothers. (Buchanan, Selmon, 2008)
In "Re-thinking the decline in trust: A comparison of black and white Americans," they examine data from a yearly General Social Survey study from 1972-2008 of adult Americans. The study asks three questions regarding trust, all of which are in an either/or format. Employment, education, religion, gender, education, age, and race are measured. They found that levels of trust rise as the respondent gets older. White respondents overall have one point higher trust than black respondents. According to the article, trust varies from year to year because of wage disparities and other variables. There are also effects that change the level of trust from generation to generation as they get more and more cynical. Post-war whites are more trusting than the rest of the surveyed whites, and that time frame has no effect on trust in blacks. Generation overall has no effect on black respondent's trust. Education and whether the person lives in the South has a positive effect on white respondents' trust in the GSS. The direct effect of race on trust depends on the time-period and cohort, according to the article. (Wilkes, 2011)
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